★★☆Angry Men Win Friends and Influence While Angry Women Lose
2015年11月12日 ★★☆, Health and Lifestyle, News Articles, Science & Health, VOA.
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Vocabulary
*Read the words carefully.
- psychologist /saɪˈkɑːləʤɪst/(n.)
- opportunity/ˌɑːpɚˈtuːnəti/(v.)
- implications /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/ (n.)
- exert /ɪgˈzɚt/ (v.)
- conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/ (n.)
- Do you easily get angry? What is your first action when you get angry?
- What do you think is the best way to express anger?
- Have you ever felt misunderstood when you spoke up for yourself?
a scientist who specializes in the study and treatment of the mind and behavior
an amount of time or a situation in which something can be done
a possible future effect or result — usually plural
to cause (force, effort, etc.) to have an effect or to be felt
a strong belief or opinion
Article
Angry Men Win Friends and Influence While Angry Women Lose
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(1) Angry men appear to gain influence in a group, but angry women lose influence, according to a new study.
(2) Researchers from Arizona State University (ASU) published their findings in the journal Law and Human Behavior.
(3) Jessica Salerno is a psychologist and was co-author of the study. The findings suggest that “women might not have the same opportunity for influence when they express anger,” she said.
(4) The study found that when men expressed their opinion with anger, participants rated them as more believable. But when women expressed anger, they were viewed as more emotional and, thus, less convincing.
(5) In other words, a man could benefit from using anger in power and persuasion. A woman, however, could be ignored or hurt by her group if she expressed anger.
(6) The study was based on the responses of 210 students. They were shown testimony and photographs online from a real murder trial. A man had allegedly murdered his wife. The students were asked to decide if the man was guilty or not.
(7) Before making their decision, the students discussed the case online with five jurors. But these were not real jurors: They were computers generating responses and comments back to the students. Some of the fake jurors had male identities. Others had female identities.
(8) Some male jurors were angry about the verdict. When this happened, the students reacted by doubting their own decisions about the case. Confidence in their responses on the verdict “dropped significantly,” said the study.
(9) But, when female jurors seemed angry, the student participants “became significantly more confident in their original verdicts,” the study found.
(10) “Our results have implications for any woman who is trying to exert influence on a decision in their workplace and everyday lives,” said Salerno. This includes governing bodies, task forces and committees.
(11) She added that in a political debate, a female candidate might have less influence if she shows anger.
(12) An example is the 2016 Democratic presidential race.
(13) “This might explain why Bernie Sanders is able to freely express his passion and conviction, while Hillary Clinton clearly regulates her emotions more carefully,” concluded Salerno.
(14) In the entertainment world, actor Jennifer Lawrence recently wrote that women and men in Hollywood are treated differently when expressing their opinions.
(15) “All I hear and see all day are men speaking their opinions,” she wrote. “And I give mine in the same exact manner, and you [would] have thought I said something offensive.”
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Tags: Health, people, politics, social issues