★★☆Indoor Pollution Kills Millions Each Year
2014年12月10日 ★★☆, Science in the News, VOA, 未分類.
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Vocabulary
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- indoor /ˈɪnˈdoɚ/ (adj.)
- particulate /ˈpɑɚtɪkəl/ (n.)
- induction (stoves) /ɪnˈdʌkʃən ˈstoʊv/ (adj.)
- kerosene /ˈkerəˌsiːn/ (n.)
- appliance /əˈplajəns/ (n.)
- What is indoor pollution? What is the difference between indoor pollution and outdoor pollution?
- In your home, what kind of fuel do you usually use in cooking? How do you keep your cooking place safe?
- How do you make your home safe from any diseases?
done, living, located, or used inside a building
a substance made up of very small separate particles
Induction cooking heats by electric current instead by a flame or heating element.
a type of oil that is burned as a fuel — often used before another
a machine (such as a stove, microwave, or dishwasher) that is powered by electricity and that is used in people’s houses to perform a particular job
Article
Indoor Pollution Kills Millions Each Year
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(1) The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are natural gas or electric-powered stoves.
(2) The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution.
(3) Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves in the home. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.
(4) WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple biomass and coal cook-stoves.
(5) Most of the deaths are in developing countries.
(6) The WHO’s plan of action for reducing indoor pollutants is based on new findings. These findings show that the use of toxic fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.
(7) The WHO’s plan of action for reducing indoor pollutants is based on new findings. These findings show that the use of toxic fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.
(8) “You cannot expect that a bit of ventilation is going to get rid of this. It is really about very clean technologies and clean fuels. And, the fuel story has not been stressed enough so far in the global debate. So, that is the new thing. We should be going for clean fuels. We should be avoiding coal. We should be avoiding kerosene and we should be going for the solar, the LPG (liquified petroleum gas), the ethanol … the solutions that we know exist that can address a big proportion of this issue.”
(9) WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims.
(10) The WHO says these diseases can often result from high levels of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide released by the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.
(11) The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, also are at risk.
(12) Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.
(13) “There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels. There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol stove that is made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out .. it has been tested out in a number of African countries and we do report results from that in the guidelines. LPG cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves.”
(14) WHO experts note some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.
(15) But, this, the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances.
Discussion
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Tags: environmental issues, food, Global warming, Health, people